Cayenne pepper is a chili pepper cultivar of Capsicum annuum, characterized by slender, elongated red fruits measuring 10 to 25 centimeters in length. Originating in Central and South America, cayenne has been used both as a food and a spice for centuries, with historical evidence of its use in regions such as French Guiana, from which its common name is derived.
Culinary uses of cayenne include its incorporation into dishes either fresh, dried, or more commonly as a powdered spice, known as cayenne powder. This powder is utilized globally in cooking to impart heat and a pungent flavor, particularly in Cajun, Mexican, Asian, and Indian cuisines.
The heat of cayenne peppers is measured between 30,000 and 50,000 Scoville Heat Units (SHU), placing it among the moderately hot chili varieties. Cayenne powder is often included in spice blends such as chili powder and hot sauces, and has also been used historically in food preservation due to its antimicrobial properties.
